Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a crucial peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It plays a vital role in childhood development, influencing growth, cell regeneration, and metabolism. Low growth hormone, also called growth hormone deficiency (GHD), occurs when the body doesn't produce enough of this hormone.
Low growth hormone means your body isn't producing enough of this essential hormone. This can manifest in various ways, depending on age and severity. In children, it most obviously leads to short stature. However, it's not just about height; GHD can also impact bone density, muscle mass, and body composition. Adults might experience reduced muscle strength, increased body fat, and a decline in overall well-being.
GHD is relatively rare in adults, affecting only a small percentage of the population. In children, it's a little more prevalent, with diagnoses stemming from various underlying causes.
GHD can be congenital, meaning present from birth due to genetic factors or problems during fetal development. It can also be acquired later in life due to conditions such as:
Diagnosis usually involves a multi-step process. Doctors will review medical history, perform a physical exam, and order blood tests to measure GH levels. Imaging techniques, such as MRI scans, may be used to check for underlying brain or pituitary gland issues. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) test is common, as IGF-1 levels reflect the body's response to GH.
Symptoms vary widely depending on age of onset and severity.
In children: Besides short stature, symptoms may include delayed puberty, increased body fat, and poor muscle tone. In adults: Common symptoms include reduced muscle mass and strength, increased body fat, fatigue, decreased energy levels, depression, decreased bone density (osteoporosis), and reduced exercise capacity.
GHD is treatable! The primary treatment is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) involving regular injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). This synthetic hormone mimics naturally produced GH. Dosage and frequency of injections are individualized, and regular monitoring is essential.
Low growth hormone is a serious condition requiring professional attention. If you suspect you or your child might have it, consult a doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve quality of life and address potential long-term health concerns.